Cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg ntawm titanium feem ntau yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws lub xeev oxidation +4, vim tias +4 yog lub xeev ruaj khov tshaj plaws ntawm titanium. Titanium complexes muaj octahedral coordination geometry, nrog rau tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb ntawm titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4), uas muaj tetrahedral geometry. Lub xeev oxidation ntau dua ntawm titanium tetrachloride ua rau muaj qib siab dua ntawm covalent bonding. Raws li kev hloov pauv hlau, titanium paub tias tsim cov aqueous Ti (IV) complexes, hu ua aqueous ligand titanium ion complexes.
Oxides, sulfides thiab alkoxides
Titanates yog tetratitanium tebchaw, xws li titanium tetrachloride (TiCl&sup4;) thiab barium titanate (BaTiO3). Lawv muaj piezoelectric zog thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov transducers rau kev sib hloov ntawm lub suab thiab hluav taws xob. Ilmenite (FeTiO3) yog titanate compound.
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov titanium oxides yog titanium dioxide (TiO²), uas muaj nyob rau hauv peb lub xeev polycrystalline: rutile, anatase, thiab brookite, uas yog dawb, diamagnetic solids. Cov hnub qub, rubies thiab sapphires muaj cov titanium dioxide (TiO²) cov khoom ntawm lub hnub qub, uas yog vim li cas lawv thiaj li muaj lub hnub qub ci ntsa iab.
Titanium (III, V) oxide (Ti3O & sup5;) yog violet semiconductor tsim los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm titanium dioxide (TiO2) ntawm qhov kub thiab txias thaum muaj hydrogen.
Titanium (III, IV) oxide (Ti3O & sup4;) yog siv los ua vapor-theem tsho titanium oxide rau ntawm qhov chaw rau kev tiv thaiv corrosion thiab zoo nkauj.
Titanium alkoxides yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm titanium tetrachloride nrog cawv thiab yog siv los tso cov khoom titanium dioxide los ntawm txoj kev sol-gel.
Titanium isopropoxide tuaj yeem siv los npaj chiral organic tebchaw siv cov txheej txheem Sharpless epoxidation.
Muaj ntau ntau hom titanium sulfite tebchaw, uas titanium disulfide tsuas yog ib qho uas nquag siv. Nws muaj txheej txheej txheej thiab siv los ua cathode hauv kev tsim cov roj teeb lithium-ion.
Nitride thiab carbide
Titanium nitride thiab titanium carbide yog cov tswv cuab ntawm pab pawg hloov pauv hloov pauv.
Titanium nitrides muaj cov khoom ntawm ob covalent compounds:
Tsis tshua muaj siab hardness
siab melting point
siab kub taw tes
thermodynamic stability
Thermal conductivity
Kev coj ua
Titanium nitride (TiN) muaj Mohs hardness ntawm 9. . Hauv kev tsim khoom semiconductor, nws ua raws li cov khoom thaiv.
halide
Titanium halides yog tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ncaj qha ntawm titanium thiab halogen roj (X²). titanium halide feem ntau yog titanium tetrachloride (TiCl&sup4;), uas tsis muaj xim, tsis muaj kuab lom. Muaj titanium tetrachloride yog lub teeb daj thiab hydrolyzes hauv huab cua, tso cov huab dawb.
Titanium tetrachloride yog siv los rho tawm titanium hlau los ntawm ore ua ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem Kroll.
Titanium halides yog siv los ua Lewis acids.
titanium halide titanium tetraiodide (TiI & sup4;) los ntawm Van Arkel txheej txheem.
Titanium (III) thiab titanium (II) yog siv los tsim titanium trichloride thiab titanium dichloride, raws li catalysts nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov polyolefins, thiab raws li txo cov neeg ua hauj nyob rau hauv cov organic chemistry.
Titanium hlau manufacturing txheej txheem
Cov txheej txheem Kroll yog siv los hloov cov titanium crude rau hauv titanium hlau. Cov kauj ruam hauv cov txheej txheem suav nrog kev rho tawm, ua kom huv, tsim daim txhuam cev, kev tsim cov hlau, thiab shaping thiab sib sau. Vim hais tias txhua kauj ruam ntawm cov txheej txheem yog kim thiab siv sij hawm, tsis muaj ib qho kev lag luam muaj peev xwm ua tau tag nrho tsib kauj ruam, thiab cov neeg lag luam ua tiav ntau theem.
rho tawm
Los ntawm kev rho tawm, cov ore raug thauj mus rau lub tuam txhab rau kev ua haujlwm hauv daim ntawv ntawm titanium-muaj cov zaub mov. Ntawm ntau hom ores, rutile thiab ilmenite yog cov feem ntau siv rau kev ua. Ilmenite yuav tsum tau pretreatment kom tshem tawm nws cov ntsiab lus hlau. Cov ore yog muab tso rau hauv lub txaj fluidized reactor uas muaj chlorine thiab carbon thiab rhuab mus rau 900 degree. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj ua rau tsim ib daim ntawv tsis huv ntawm titanium tetrachloride, nrog carbon monoxide raws li cov khoom lag luam. Cov impurities, nrog rau cov hlau, muaj nyob rau hauv titanium tetrachloride thiab yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm los tsim titanium dioxide.
ua kom huv
Titanium tetrachloride yog purified los ntawm kev kub siab lub tshuab nqus tsev distillation. Cov hlau tsim thaum lub sij hawm rho tawm yog muab tso rau hauv loj distillation tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rhuab. Cov txheej txheem purification siv fractionation thiab nag lossis daus los cais impurities. Txij li cov ntsiab lus sib txawv muaj cov ntsiab lus kub sib txawv, thaum lub sij hawm distillation ntau lub ntsiab lus raug tshem tawm thaum lawv ncav cuag lawv qhov kub. Cov impurities tshem tawm muaj xws li vanadium, silicon, magnesium, zirconium thiab hlau.
daim txhuam cev tsim
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv sponge, purified titanium tetrachloride yog poured rau hauv stainless hlau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hlab ntsha nyob rau hauv cov kua daim ntawv. Magnesium ntxiv thiab qhov sib tov yog rhuab mus rau qhov kub ntawm 1100 degree kom cov magnesium tuaj yeem hnov mob nrog chlorine los ua magnesium chloride. Argon roj tau tso rau hauv lub nkoj kom tshem tawm cov huab cua kom tsis txhob muaj cov pa oxygen thiab nitrogen. Cov titanium tsim nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no tsis yog ntshiab titanium, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Nws raug tshem tawm ntawm lub thawv los ntawm cov txheej txheem drilling thiab kho nrog cov dej sib tov thiab hydrochloric acid kom tshem tawm cov magnesium thiab magnesium chloride ntau dhau. Cov titanium tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog daim txhuam cev zoo li.
alloy creation
Ntshiab titanium daim txhuam cev yog sib xyaw nrog cov hlau sib txawv thiab cov khoom siv hlau siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob hluav taws xob los tsim cov alloys. Tom qab cov hlau melted thiab sib tov nyob rau hauv cov proportions tsim nyog, cov briquettes yog compacted thiab welded los ua daim txhuam cev electrodes, uas yog melted nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev arc rauv los ua ingots rau ntxiv ua rau ntau yam kev lag luam thiab cov khoom lag luam.
Shaping thiab shaping
Cov ingots raug tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov cub, tshuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag, ntim thiab xa mus rau kev siv hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv titanium alloy. Tshawb xyuas cov khoom ntawm txhua lub ingot kom ntseeg tau tias lawv ua tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Ingots tau txais cov txheej txheem sib txawv xws li vuam, sib sau, casting, forging thiab hmoov metallurgy thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom.
By-products ntawm cov txheej txheem Kroll
Thaum titanium raug cais tawm ntawm nws cov impurities, nws tawm tom qab magnesium thiab magnesium chloride, uas yog los ntawm cov txheej txheem Kroll thiab rov qab los rau hauv lub tank rov qab uas cais cov magnesium thiab chlorine rau hauv lawv cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov, cov khoom siv magnesium thiab chlorine gas. Thaum lub sijhawm sau cov txheej txheem, cov tshuaj chlorine tau sau rau saum toj ntawm chav tsev rov qab. Cov khoom magnesium thiab chlorine tau txais kev cawmdim rau rov siv dua hauv cov txheej txheem Kroll.
alloy creation
Nyob rau theem plaub, ntshiab titanium daim txhuam cev yog tov nrog sib txawv alloys thiab seem hlau los tsim usable alloys nrog kev pab los ntawm ib tug consumable electrode hluav taws xob arc rauv. Tom qab tag nrho cov hlau yuav tsum tau yaj thiab sib tov nyob rau hauv qhov xav tau proportions, lub loj yog compacted thiab welded los tsim daim txhuam cev electrode. Qhov no daim txhuam cev electrode yog yaj nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev arc rauv los tsim ingots. Cov ingots no feem ntau yog yaj dua thiab ua dua los tsim cov khoom lag luam uas siv tau.
Shaping thiab shaping
Nyob rau theem kawg ntawm cov txheej txheem Kroll, cov ingots raug tshem tawm ntawm lub qhov cub, tshuaj xyuas qhov tsis xws luag, thiab xa tawm mus rau kev tsim khoom titanium alloy khoom. Txheeb xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm txhua qhov ingot kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg siv khoom xav tau. Hlau ingots tau dhau los ua ntau yam txheej txheem xws li vuam, shaping, casting, forging, hmoov metallurgy, thiab lwm yam, thiab thaum kawg zoo li cov khoom tiav. Nws tag nrho yog nyob ntawm cov specifications ntawm cov khoom yuav tsum tau.
By-products ntawm cov txheej txheem Kroll
Thaum lub sij hawm Kroll txheej txheem, thaum titanium raug cais los ntawm impurities, ntau ntawm magnesium thiab magnesium chloride raug tso tseg. Cov khoom los ntawm cov txheej txheem Kroll tau rov qab tam sim ntawd hauv chav rov ua dua tshiab. Recycling tanks cais magnesium thiab chlorine rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov. Qhov ntawd yog magnesium nyob rau hauv daim ntawv thiab chlorine hauv gaseous daim ntawv. Cov tshuaj chlorine tau sau los ntawm sab saum toj ntawm lub tank rov qab thiab ob qho tib si yog rov siv dua hauv cov txheej txheem Kroll.
